Jobs
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· 185 views · 10 applications · 9d
Middle Manual QA Engineer
Hybrid Remote · Ukraine (Lviv) · 3 years of experience · B2 - Upper IntermediateCardo Systems, Inc., based in Pittsburgh,PA, USA, is the leading global provider of wireless communication systems for motorcyclists. Since launching the Scala Rider® Bluetooth product line in 2004, Cardo has pioneered a new product category that didn’t...Cardo Systems, Inc., based in Pittsburgh,PA, USA, is the leading global provider of wireless communication systems for motorcyclists. Since launching the Scala Rider® Bluetooth product line in 2004, Cardo has pioneered a new product category that didn’t exist before. Currently, the Scala Rider line includes the most advanced devices in the market, ranging from basic entry-level models to highly feature-rich communication and entertainment systems. Scala Rider products are available at motorcycle accessory stores in over 80 countries.
We are seeking a forward-thinking and ambitious Quality Assurance Engineer to join our team.
Main Responsibilities:
- Reporting to the QA Lead and working in a Scrum Team, following Agile Development principles to deliver high-quality work
- Use manual testing techniques to ensure all items are tested before release at the end of the sprint
- Review business requirements to write test cases and test plans
- Create and execute test cases
- Root cause analysis
- Test cases review, prioritization, and adjustments
- Analyze results, fix and stabilize tests on a daily basis
- Defect tracking
Role Requirements:
- 3+ years of enterprise software product quality assurance experience
- Experience working with Mobile
- Experience with NoSQL document-oriented database
- Experience with API testing
- Experience in performance (response, load, etc.) testing
- Experience of working with version control systems
- Strong understanding of SDLC
- Experience in writing and automating test cases in DevOps Azure would be a great advantage.
- Upper-Intermediate English
- Experience in hardware projects will be a good advantage
The ideal candidate is also:
- Has an agile mindset and is a good team player
- Knowledge of TFS is a good asset
- Basic Experience with MS SharePoint
- Collaborative but decisive personal style
- Highly effective communicator and problem solver
- Is able to analyze, plan, and estimate requirements as well as identify risks involved and provide solutions to them
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· 96 views · 10 applications · 9d
Software Test Engineer
Office Work · Ukraine (Kyiv) · Product · 3 years of experience · B2 - Upper IntermediateKey Responsibilities: Define, design, and write test scenarios and test plans based on acceptance criteria. Perform manual regression testing. Register bugs and verify resolved bugs. Create and maintain test documentation in accordance with established...Key Responsibilities:
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Define, design, and write test scenarios and test plans based on acceptance criteria.
Perform manual regression testing.
Register bugs and verify resolved bugs.
Create and maintain test documentation in accordance with established procedures.
Perform early checks for stories being implemented.
Write test plans and test case views.
Qualifications:
English language proficiency (at least B2 level, ability to communicate with colleagues in multinational environment).
At least 3 years of hands-on experience in testing desktop or web products.
Strong understanding of test scenarios and test plan development.
Ability to create and maintain test documentation.
Proactive in performing early checks for stories being implemented.
Will be a plus:
Degree in Engineering, Math, Physics, or similar.
Experience working with complex desktop toolbox products.
Experience in web testing.
Familiarity with Azure DevOps tools (Azure Test Plans, Azure Boards) or similar.
Experience with Team Foundation Server (Test Management) or similar. -
· 215 views · 45 applications · 9d
Middle QA Engineer to $1800
Countries of Europe or Ukraine · 3 years of experience · B2 - Upper IntermediatePresidio Creative is a Bay Area based Shopify Plus development team that has over 10 years of experience building some of the best stores on Shopify Plus. We’re a big team that designs and develops eCommerce themes for the Shopify Theme Store, builds...Presidio Creative is a Bay Area based Shopify Plus development team that has over 10 years of experience building some of the best stores on Shopify Plus. We’re a big team that designs and develops eCommerce themes for the Shopify Theme Store, builds custom themes for Shopify Plus merchants, and builds our own product for Shopify. Our team is remote and based in the US (California,Washington,Texas) and Europe (Ukraine, the UK, and Bulgaria).
QA engineer vacancy Location: Cherkasy, Ukraine
Responsibilities:
- Perform different types of testing for changes in applications, as well as new features testing (functional, regression testing, etc).
- Create, analyze, and maintain test documentation.
- Report bugs and errors.
- Assist in bug detection.
- Requirements analysis.
- Ensure release readiness.
- Participate in QA processes: planning, daily stand-ups, retrospectives.
- Communicate with the dev team (Cherkasy office) & US team management.
Core Qualifications:- Experience in software testing.
- Experience creating test cases, checklists, and other QA documentation.
- Experience writing clear, detailed, and well-prioritized bug reports.
- Knowledge of the SDLC and the QA role within it.
- Understanding of client-server architecture.
- Confident use of browser DevTools.
- Strong analytical and critical thinking skills.
- High attention to detail.
- Excellent self-organization and ability to set priorities effectively.
- Ability to work independently and as part of a team.
- Responsibility for product quality and delivery.
- Proactive and open to learning.
- Strong communication skills in both written and spoken English (Intermediate+).
Nice to have:- Experience in web testing specifics for SaaS, e-commerce, or Shopify applications.
- Experience in exploratory testing - ability to think critically and discover edge cases.
- Good understanding of HTML/CSS and browser rendering behavior.
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· 220 views · 100 applications · 9d
Manual QA Engineer to $1000
Full Remote · Countries of Europe or Ukraine · Product · 2 years of experience · A2 - ElementaryAsocial is seeking a skilled Junior/Middle Manual QA Engineer to join our dynamic team dedicated to delivering high-quality software solutions. As an innovative IT company, we are committed to excellence and continuous improvement. ...Asocial is seeking a skilled Junior/Middle Manual QA Engineer to join our dynamic team dedicated to delivering high-quality software solutions. As an innovative IT company, we are committed to excellence and continuous improvement.
Responsibilities
- Conduct manual testing for both mobile and desktop versions of our website
- Create, review, and execute test cases and test plans based on product requirements
- Adapt testing strategies to work with incomplete or evolving requirements
- Identify, document, and track software defects using issue tracking tools
- Collaborate with cross-functional teams to ensure smooth software delivery cycles
- Perform regression testing after code changes
- Contribute to the improvement of testing processes and methodologies
- Perform backend testing to ensure correct data handling and storage in the database (PostgreSQL)
Verify HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), response codes, and JSON/XML response structures
Requirements
- 1–2 years of proven experience as a Manual QA Engineer
- Strong knowledge of QA methodologies, tools, and processes for mobile and desktop
- Experience with project management tools (e.g., JIRA)
- Ability to work with incomplete or changing requirements
- Understanding of SDLC and Agile methodologies
- Excellent analytical and problem-solving skills
- Attention to detail and commitment to quality
- API testing experience using Postman (RESTful APIs)
- SQL and database testing - ability to write and execute SQL queries (SELECT, JOIN, UPDATE)
- Basic understanding of client-server architecture and data flow
What we offer:
- Remote work with a flexible schedule
- Competitive salary based on experience
- Paid vacation and sick leave
- Opportunities for professional growth and skill development
- Collaborative and innovative work environment
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· 138 views · 35 applications · 9d
Middle QA
Full Remote · Worldwide · 0.5 years of experience · C1 - AdvancedCore Requirements Experience: min 2–4 years in software testing (manual or mixed — manual + automation). Understanding of development processes: SDLC, STLC, types and levels of testing, defect lifecycle, and estimation techniques. Documentation: ability...Core Requirements
Experience: min 2–4 years in software testing (manual or mixed — manual + automation).
Understanding of development processes: SDLC, STLC, types and levels of testing, defect lifecycle, and estimation techniques.
Documentation: ability to create test cases, checklists, and bug reports (Jira, TestRail, Confluence, or equivalents).
Tools: Postman/Insomnia, Swagger, Jira, DevTools, Fiddler, or similar.
API testing: experience with REST / JRPC, understanding of HTTP requests, status codes, and request parameters.
Databases: basic knowledge of SQL (select, join, aggregate functions).
Experience working with hooks and sockets.
UI / Web / Backend testing: experience testing web applications, responsiveness, cross-browser and cross-platform compatibility. Soft Skills
- Attention to detail, analytical thinking, and proactivity.
- Ability to describe defects clearly and explain their impact.
- Willingness to learn and work with feedback.
- Strong communication and teamwork skills.
- Problem-solving mindset and readiness to take ownership.
- English — Intermediate+ level (for reading documentation, correspondence, and meetings).
Would Be a Plus
- Experience with CI/CD (GitHub Actions, GitLab CI).
- Automation (advantage): basic knowledge of JS / TypeScript; experience with Playwright is a plus.
- Understanding of API test automation fundamentals.
- Familiarity with Agile / Scrum / Kanban methodologies.
- Experience working with logging and monitoring tools (Kibana, Grafana, Sentry).
- Testing of microservices and microservice-oriented architectures.
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· 311 views · 71 applications · 9d
Senior QA Engineer
Full Remote · Ukraine · 5 years of experience · B2 - Upper IntermediateWe are looking for a QA engineer who will join us in the DashDevs QA team to contribute to the development of a biometric-based identity verification solution. We expect a new team member to work independently and proactively (look for details and...We are looking for a QA engineer who will join us in the DashDevs QA team to contribute to the development of a biometric-based identity verification solution. We expect a new team member to work independently and proactively (look for details and answers, not just wait patiently for a reply), and be comfortable raising challenges and proposing software improvements. It is vital that you have good communication skills and a proven ability to work well with both technical and non-technical colleagues and be comfortable working with minimal supervision.
General project description We’re working on a next-generation identity verification and passwordless authentication platform built with a privacy-first approach. The solution integrates live biometrics, digital identity wallets, and blockchain-based architecture to ensure secure, seamless user authentication. The system encrypts and manages sensitive data using private keys, ensuring compliance with global data privacy standards and eliminating the risks of credential phishing. It’s a highly innovative and secure environment designed to redefine how digital identity is managed and protected.
The size and the structure of the team From DashDevs team on the client’s side, work 1 FE developer and 5 QAs (manual and automation). You will work with some of our Ukrainian colleagues QAs, as well as with QA TL and Project manager on the client’s side, who will manage your daily tasks.
YOUR BACKGROUND- 5 years of commercial experience in Web apps testing, both E2E and API
- Experience with Program Languages (JavaScript / TypeScript) 1+ year
- Strong knowledge in QA process and methodology
- Understanding of the client-server application architecture
- Experience in the creation of test documentation (test cases, checklists, test plans)
- Experience with REST API testing
- Experience with Postman API testing and advanced scenario scripting
- Experience with GitHub
- English level - B2
Skills that will be a plus:
- Experience with Authorizations protocols (SAML, OpenID, SSL/TLS)
- Experience with Mongo DB
- Experience with Google Cloud
Responsibilities
- Perform functional and UI/UX testing of web applications
- Perform smoke, sanity, regression, integration, E2E, acceptance testing, API testing
- Take responsibility for QA deliverables within a sprint
- Analyse and review feature requirements
- Create test documentation (test cases, checklists, bug report, test reports)
- Participate in scrum activities
- Enhance product knowledge base
- Take part in QA process improvements within a team
- Participate in verbal and written communication with the team
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· 385 views · 67 applications · 9d
QA Tester
Full Remote · Countries of Europe or Ukraine · 4 years of experience · B2 - Upper IntermediateProject Overview: We are building an Exchange platform for a newly deployed EVM-compatible token. The project was partially developed by a previous team, and the client needs skilled developers to continue and complete the implementation. Skills...Project Overview:
We are building an Exchange platform for a newly deployed EVM-compatible token. The project was partially developed by a previous team, and the client needs skilled developers to continue and complete the implementation.
Skills Required:
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- Experience with manual & automated testing
- Knowledge of Jest, Mocha, Cypress, or Selenium
- Familiarity with blockchain testing tools (Tenderly, Hardhat tests)
- Understanding of security vulnerabilities in Web3 apps
- Experience with CI/CD pipelines (GitHub Actions, Jenkins)
Responsibilities:
- Write and execute test cases for frontend, backend, and smart contracts
- Perform security and stress testing
- Ensure smooth deployments and regression testing
- Document bugs and work with devs to resolve issues -
· 128 views · 26 applications · 9d
Manual QA to $500
Full Remote · Worldwide · 2 years of experience · A2 - ElementaryWe are seeking a proactive manual QA with experience or IT background. Core Responsibilities: Create, maintain, and execute manual test cases for web Perform functional, UI/UX testings. Validate user stories, acceptance criteria, and edge cases before...We are seeking a proactive manual QA with experience or IT background.
Core Responsibilities:
Create, maintain, and execute manual test cases for web
Perform functional, UI/UX testings.
Validate user stories, acceptance criteria, and edge cases before release.
Document and track bugs using task management tools (ClickUp ).
Collaborate directly with developers, designers, and PMs to ensure product quality.Required Skills & Experience:
Experience: 1.5 – 3+ years as Manual QA in Web projects
Understanding of SDLC
Ability to write clear test cases, checklists, test plans
Experience with Bug tracking tools (Jira, ClickUp, Trello, Asana)
Familiarity with REST APIs (Postman, basic JSON understanding) would be a plus
Understanding of Cross-browser & cross-device testing
Experience testing responsive layouts & web forms
Attention to detail, responsibility, ability to think like an end userFeel free to contact me if you have any questions.
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Thank you for your time.
Best regards,
DesigningIT -
· 200 views · 35 applications · 7d
QA engineer
Full Remote · Ukraine · 2 years of experience · B1 - IntermediateWe’re looking for the experienced Manual QA Engineer. You’ll be responsible for testing web and mobile applications for startups and SMBs across various industries. What You’ll Do: Analyze requirements and create test plans, test cases, and...We’re looking for the experienced Manual QA Engineer.
You’ll be responsible for testing web and mobile applications for startups and SMBs across various industries.What You’ll Do:
- Analyze requirements and create test plans, test cases, and checklists
- Perform manual functional, regression, and UI testing of web/mobile apps
- Report and track bugs clearly and consistently
- Work closely with developers, designers, and PMs to ensure smooth releases
- Verify bug fixes and conduct smoke testing before delivery
What We Expect:
- 2+ years of manual QA experience
- Strong knowledge of QA methodologies and bug reporting tools (Jira, TestRail, etc.)
- Attention to detail and structured thinking
- Experience testing REST APIs, web and mobile apps
- Understanding of SDLC and Agile/Scrum processes
- Basic understanding of HTML/CSS, browser dev tools
- Strong communication skills and ability to work in a team
- English B1-B2
Nice to Have:
- Experience with automation tools (Postman, Selenium, etc.)
Experience in working with outsourcing or startup teams
What We Offer:
- Flexible schedule and remote-first environment
- Friendly and proactive team culture
- Projects with real impact for international clients
- Opportunity to grow with support from the team
- Paid vacations and sick leaves
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· 193 views · 61 applications · 6d
Middle QA engineer for C
Full Remote · Worldwide · Product · 2 years of experience · B2 - Upper IntermediateMiddle QA engineer © Kyiv, abroad, remote FAVBET Tech develops software that is used by millions of players around the world for the international company FAVBET Entertainment. We develop innovations in the field of gambling and betting through a complex...Middle QA engineer ©
Kyiv, abroad, remote
FAVBET Tech develops software that is used by millions of players around the world for the international company FAVBET Entertainment.
We develop innovations in the field of gambling and betting through a complex multi-component platform which is capable to withstand enormous loads and provide a unique experience for players.
FAVBET Tech does not organize and conduct gambling on its platform. Its main focus is software development.
Main areas of work:- Betting/Gambling Platform Software Development — software development that is easy to use and personalized for each customer.
- Highload Development — development of highly loaded services and systems.
- CRM System Development — development of a number of services to ensure a high level of customer service, effective engagement of new customers and retention of existing ones.
- Big Data — development of complex systems for processing and analysis of big data.
- Cloud Services — we use cloud technologies for scaling and business efficiency.
Requirements:
- 2+ years of experience in Quality Assurance;
- Hands-on experience working in Agile environments (preferably Scrum);
- Strong understanding of software testing principles and methodologies (e.g. risk-based testing);
- Experience in various types of functional testing (regression, integration, UAT, smoke, etc.);
- Experience creating and maintaining key test documentation (requirements analysis, test cases, test plans, test reports);
- Experience in mobile testing (iOS, Android);
- Familiarity with App Distribution systems, network sniffers (Fiddler, Proxyman, Charles, etc.), and Firebase — is a plus;
- Experience in web testing (frontend and backend);
- Experience in API testing (Postman or similar tools);
- Willingness to grow professionally, including learning programming and test automation;
- Proactive and self-driven approach: able to anticipate risks, take ownership, and propose process improvements.
- Nice to have:
- Experience creating automated tests (TypeScript + Playwright);
- Experience with microservices architecture;
- Experience using Zephyr test management tool;
- Basic knowledge of Git and code editors;
- Experience analyzing logs (Kibana or similar tools)
Responsibilities:
- Familiarization with the team, product, and processes;
- Opportunity to independently solve assigned tasks; Follow delivery objectives and tasks, delivery process;
- Participate in planning & estimation sessions;
- Perform test design and test execution activities.
We offer:
- 30 days off — we value rest and recreation;
- Medical insurance for employees and the possibility of training employees at the expense of the company and gym membership;
- Remote work or the opportunity — our own modern lofty office with spacious workplace, and brand-new work equipment (near Pochaina metro station);
- Flexible work schedule — we expect a full-time commitment but do not track your working hours;
- Flat hierarchy without micromanagement — our doors are open, and all teammates are approachable.
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· 221 views · 38 applications · 6d
Trainee QA
Full Remote · Countries of Europe or Ukraine · B2 - Upper IntermediateWe’re hiring a Trainee Manual QA Engineer on behalf of our client — a global leader in web data solutions that supports Fortune 500 brands (like LG, Samsung, Logitech) by collecting and organizing public web data for critical market insights. This is a...We’re hiring a Trainee Manual QA Engineer on behalf of our client — a global leader in web data solutions that supports Fortune 500 brands (like LG, Samsung, Logitech) by collecting and organizing public web data for critical market insights.
This is a perfect opportunity for someone starting their QA career and looking to grow in a supportive, real-world environment while working with international clients and experienced developers.
What You’ll Do
• Learn how to gather and document requirements from global enterprise clients.
• Assist in checking the accuracy and quality of collected web data.
• Perform basic functional and exploratory testing of web crawlers (you’ll get full guidance and mentorship).
• Track and report issues to developers using Monday.com or similar tools (we’ll show you how).
• Communicate with project managers and QA team to ensure client needs are met.
• Continuously learn and improve your QA skills through hands-on experience.
What We’re Looking For
• Basic understanding of software development or testing (can be from courses, self-study, or bootcamps).
• Interest in web technologies (HTML, HTTP, web scraping — we’ll teach you the rest).
• Good communication skills and a desire to work with clients.
• Upper-intermediate to advanced English (B2+) — you’ll be speaking and writing with international teammates.
• Attention to detail and willingness to learn quickly.
Nice to Have (but not required)
• Familiarity with tools like Postman or basic SQL.
• Any QA certifications (like ISTQB), courses, or personal projects.
If you’re eager to start your QA journey and gain hands-on experience working with global brands, we’d love to meet you!
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· 107 views · 19 applications · 6d
Manual QA Engineer
Hybrid Remote · Ukraine (Kyiv) · 3 years of experience · B2 - Upper IntermediateKey Responsibilities: Conduct manual testing of Magento websites to ensure functionality, performance, and usability meet business requirements. Validate end-to-end shopping workflows including product catalog, cart, checkout, payment gateways, and order...Key Responsibilities:
- Conduct manual testing of Magento websites to ensure functionality, performance, and usability meet business requirements.
- Validate end-to-end shopping workflows including product catalog, cart, checkout, payment gateways, and order management.
- Develop and maintain detailed, reusable test cases and checklists.
- Ensure all critical paths and high-risk features are covered during testing cycles.
- Support QA automation efforts by identifying repetitive test cases suitable for automation.
- Provide QA feedback during sprint planning and daily stand-ups.
Ensure adherence to QA best practices and continuous improvement of test processes.
Requirements:
- Commercial experience in manual testing of Magento projects
- Strong knowledge of software QA methodologies, tools, and processes
- Experience with Jira, Confluence, TestRail or similar test management tools
- Professional experience in QA automation be a plus
- Intermediate english level
- High communication skills
Test apps be a plus
What we offer:
- Competitive salary based on experience.
- Flexible working hours and remote work options.
- Paid vacation
- Opportunity to work on diverse and challenging projects.
- Professional growth and learning opportunities, attending IT events
- English classes (partial coverage)
- Friendly and collaborative team culture
- Free tasty and healthy lunches
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· 75 views · 7 applications · 6d
Functional QA Engineer (Middle)
Hybrid Remote · Poland · Product · 2 years of experience · B2 - Upper IntermediateWe're looking for middle Functinal QA Engineer. Good candidate should have Upper Intermediate speaking English or above, good grasp of Agile development practices (particularly Scrum), proven track record using structured test framework. Full time...We're looking for middle Functinal QA Engineer. Good candidate should have Upper Intermediate speaking English or above, good grasp of Agile development practices (particularly Scrum), proven track record using structured test framework. Full time engagement only with long-term collaboration. Direct contract with the client and payments in foreign currency.
Preference to candidates in Krakow with work in office on-demand!
TECHNOLOGIES in use:
- PHP Laravel 10/11
- Vue.JS / Nuxt 3
- GCP, Terraform, Docker
- Atlassian Suit
- Google Suit + Slack
MUST Have:
- Proven track record of 2+ year of experience in the role
- Minimum of 3+ years of overall IT experience
- Developing and supporting test framework
- Strong knowledge of Quality Assurance practices
- Experience combining functional and automated testing
- Good knowledge of Testing Strategies and their adoption
NICE to Have:
- Experience in Real Estate domain
- Knowledge of CRM systems
- Understanding of CRM eco-system
Successful candidate should also have following qualities:
- Good team player
- Self-sufficient and result driven
- Care about software value to the user
- Respects product in development
- Strive to make a difference
- Good attention to details
- Work with minimal supervision
- Promote best product development practices
Beside above, candidates are expected to have experience with tools, like: Slack, Jira, Confluence; well aware of Agile SDLC and Scrum specifically.
Degree in Computer Science or a related field is an advantage!
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· 141 views · 32 applications · 5d
Manual QA Engineer (SaaS)
Full Remote · Worldwide · Product · 2 years of experience · B2 - Upper IntermediateBothub is a SaaS platform for automated trading. We develop intelligent trading bots and tools that help users trade on exchanges — safely, transparently, and efficiently. Our product is growing, and we’re looking for a Manual QA Engineer to help us keep...Bothub is a SaaS platform for automated trading. We develop intelligent trading bots and tools that help users trade on exchanges — safely, transparently, and efficiently. Our product is growing, and we’re looking for a Manual QA Engineer to help us keep the platform stable, clean, and bug-free, who can help us keep the quality high while we move fast. Long-term collaboration. Small, friendly international team. Remote, flexible schedule. Official Company.
Requirements:- 2–3 years of experience in web application testing.
- Understanding of REST API, browser DevTools, and request debugging.
- Attention to detail and a systematic testing mindset.
- Ability to document and prioritize bugs clearly.
- Experience testing SaaS, fintech, or crypto products.
- Basic knowledge of automation tools.
Responsibilities:- Test new product features before release.
- Verify UI against Figma layouts and report visual inconsistencies.
- Validate API responses and basic logic.
- Perform regression and smoke testing before each deployment.
- Write clear, structured bug reports in Linear.
- Collaborate closely with developers and the product designer.
- Suggest improvements for UX and stability.
Bonus system: performance-based rewards for speed, precision, and reliability.
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· 102 views · 33 applications · 5d
Junior QA
Full Remote · Ukraine · Product · 1 year of experience · B2 - Upper IntermediateWe are looking for a Junior QA Engineer who will be responsible for testing our web applications, identifying and reporting bugs, and ensuring a smooth and high-quality user experience. You’ll collaborate closely with developers and designers, help...We are looking for a Junior QA Engineer who will be responsible for testing our web applications, identifying and reporting bugs, and ensuring a smooth and high-quality user experience. You’ll collaborate closely with developers and designers, help improve our testing processes, and contribute ideas to enhance product quality.
Responsibilities:
- Test web applications (UI + API).
- Report, track, and verify bugs and issues.
- Write and maintain clear and structured test documentation.
- Collaborate with developers and designers to clarify requirements and reproduce issues.
- Suggest improvements and contribute ideas to enhance the product and user experience.
Requirements:
- Experience with Jira or similar issue-tracking tools.
- English level: B2 or higher.
- Good understanding of SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle).
- Familiarity with API testing tools and principles.
Nice to have:
- Experience testing blockchain applications, crypto wallets, or dApps.
- Basic understanding of Web3 concepts and blockchain technology.